Analysis of the Painting Hermia and LYsander by John Simmons

Intro: In the painting of â€Å"Hermia and Lysander† by John Simmons, it portrays the scene in Shakespeare’s Midsummer Nights Dream when Hermia and Lysander are in the forest, and Lysander persistently invites Hermia to sleep with him in the cold, dark forest. The love of Hermia and Lysander is reciprocated but remains uncertain and quite mysterious at times. When Hermia says no to the convincing and authoritative Lysander, she is left with no choice but to abide to her morals. However, she is worried whether her words would upset the persuasive Lysander or not. Simmons depicts the strong emotion of love tribulations, dominance to male figures, and a blur between the two worlds intermixing the sensible and fanciful realms to portray the lover’s relationship. Tribulations of Love: When love is put through trials and tribulations, love prevails in A Midsummer Nights Dream. However, each character encounters their own situations where they feel uncertain or even doubtful of each other’s company. The light from the luminous moon is shining brightly illuminating Lysander and Hermia, almost to shine a spotlight on the runaway lovers. The Greek god, Diana, is associated with the moon, evil, and nature. Two interpretation can be understood from the moon shining on them. Simmons is trying to emulate how dangerous, unsure, and mysterious love is. The lovers are surrounded with an owl that has glistening yellow sharp eyes, and a rabbit with glowing eyes. The glowing eyes give a nightmare

The Greasy Lake And Life After High School - 1018 Words

In both â€Å"Greasy Lake† and â€Å"Life After High School† the protagonists are both subjected to external conflict that forever changes their course in life. With so much emphasis on the differences between individuals these days, it is imperative that people recognize this powerful commonality between the spectrum of humanity. Two completely different people living completely different lives are somehow still directly linked through the intrinsic nature of life. Even though the narrator from â€Å"Greasy Lake†, Joe as he will be called from simplicity sake and Sunny from â€Å"Life After High School† are separated by gender and culture, both share the commonality of a metamorphosis as the direct result of an external conflict. Regardless of the shape or appearance of this metamorphosis, I purpose that both Joe and Sunny are of the same element that only differ in structure and appearance due to the differences in both the stimuli and base parameters in their life. In this case, Sunny and joe’s base parameters or starting points differ quite a bit. Joe is a greaser working on meeting the criteria and trying to live up to the name. He had the look and behavior down pat, wearing â€Å"torn up leather jackets,† and â€Å"striking elaborate poses† to show people he doesn’t give a damn. Yet, he is still largely an innocent adolescent just trying to find his way in the world. Sunny on the other hand was a cheerleader and the light that her name implies. When the quarterback â€Å"Chuck Crueller† was taken offShow MoreRelatedGreasy Lake Essay1344 Words   |  6 PagesGreasy Lake Essay In the short story Greasy Lake written by T.C. Boyle, the story is about three friends who believe they are â€Å"bad†. On a particular night they go out looking for trouble, and trouble is what they find. The tone of this story is serious, dark, and very graphic. This story is full of literary devices. Metaphors and similes come thick and fast on the shores of Greasy Lake, and Boyle never contents himself with one when he can offer two or three. The comparisons for their abundanceRead MoreHow Will Marijuana Legalization Affect Public Health?2856 Words   |  12 PagesAmerica. With legalization spreading across the US many are starting to get involved in the expanding industry that is here to stay. So how will marijuana affect public health? In Oregon the distribution of the tax revenue is going to be funded into schools, mental health services, State Police and Oregon Health Authority. Last year Colorado brought in $60.1 million in taxes. All of the taxed money from sales here will be used as a way of advancing and educating Oregon’s public health. Upon researchingRead MoreEssay On The Zodiac Killer3047 Words   |  13 Pageshe had debunked Perez a year ago as someone with tales that cant be believed†(Brandon Schillemat â€Å"Has the Code of The Zodiac Killer Been Cracked?† Jun 21 2011). So of the people that the FBI and cop bustier talk to that son and daughter and wife after the case was closed because they want to know how was the zodiac killer. The zodiac killer writes letter to the cop and the FBI about the killings that zodiac did and zodiac writes in blood and the last letter writes in closure of a taxi driverRead MoreThe Cuisine Of Hokkaido, Japan2415 Words   |  10 Pages1.0 Introduction 1.1 Introduction This report introduces the regional cuisine of Hokkaido, Japan. The food of Hokkaido is well-known worldwide because of its high quality and freshness of seafood. Hokkaido also produces dominant amounts of Japan’s meat, wheat and dairy so its cuisine is not just a thing entirely apart from the rest of Japan’s. There are many regional cuisine in Hokkaido including Genghis Khan barbecue, Hokkaido ramen, Ishikari nabe and so on. Through my research, I find that thereRead MoreBusiness Ethics of Kfc6869 Words   |  28 PagesBUSINESS ETHICS 2011 Report Sunderland Business School Undergraduate Programs Name: Lanny Chew Jun Kheong Identification Number: 880328-52-5707 Student ID: 109129662/1 Tel. Number: 016-8515159 E-mail: lannicjk@hotmail.com Study Centre: SEGi College Sarawak Module: Business Ethics Code: UGB210 Module Tutor: Ms. Adeline Academic Year: 2011 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report was produced as an audit report providing a ‘snapshot’ of KFC’s business ethics. First, the author started with the ethical dilemmaRead MoreHistory Grade 10 Exam Review6476 Words   |  26 Pagesfrom the Gov. to help unemployed citizens * Camps : * many men left their families and homes in search of work in other parts of the country * many men â€Å"rode the rails† (on top of boxcars) and travelled west * after realizing there to be no jobs in the prairies, they went further west to Vancouver; these men overwhelmed relief organizations, churches and charities * Vancouver asked the federal government to get the men off the streets; in response, theRead MoreService Marketing-Pizza Hut13362 Words   |  54 Pagesinform its business strategy was inadequate, and that a more developed, long-term business plan was necessary. The turning point occurred when Pizza Hut went public and began growing at an unprecedented pace. Pizza Huts corporate strategy, arrived at after much consultation and boardroom debate, emerged in 1972.The corporate strategys first priority was increasing sales and profits for the chain. Continuing to build a strong financial base for the company to provide adequate financing for growth wasRead MoreThe Ballad of the Sad Cafe46714 Words   |  187 PagesSouthern town. . . A young boy learning the difficult lessons of manhood. . . A fateful encounter with his native land and former love. . . These are parts of the world of Carson McCullers -- a world of the lost, the injured, the eternal strangers at life s feast. Here are brilliant revelations of love and longing, bitter heartbreak and occasional happiness -- tales that probe the very heart of our lives. CARSON McCULLERS (1917-1967) When she was only twenty-three, Carson McCullers first novelRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagesanyone could go without encountering the walking plague. You know that phrase War is Hell? Well... its dead wrong. War at least has some organization to it. What was faced in the last days... by last days I mean the last days of civilization not life; itself. What was faced was hell. Everyone went ape shit insane. Everyone was killing and raping each other into oblivion, because we were under attack by creatures that was so beyond our understanding! Geez, there were many names given to theseRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pageseffective packaging or marketing. Given these characteristics, they enjoyed only temporary sales spurts during recessionary times. No more. While still offering so-called price brands, retailers are also increasingly offering private label brands at the high end of the business. Such brands are competitive with national brands in quality and marketing support but have substantial cost advantages - in part because the cost of the brand management team, sales force, and advertising is lower and can be spread

Out Of This Furnace By Thomas Bell Essay - 1876 Words

â€Å"Out of this Furnace† is a fictional novel by Thomas Bell which is based on true events from the 18th century. It is a well-written tale of Slovak immigrants who came to the United States in search of better opportunities than they had in their old country. The story revolves around four main characters: Djuro Kracha, Kracha’s daughter Mary, Mary’s husband, Mike Dobrejcak, and, their son Dobie. As history tells us, many early immigrants who moved to America had either of these motives: financial prosperity, social status and societal freedom. Similarly, as the story unfolds, we see that all of these characters became subject to harsh conditions and that each of them went through their own version of struggle. This novel has succeeded in enlightening us about the great effort that these Slovak immigrants made against the issues that encountered them in America. They faced numerous hardships in the form of underpaid and unsafe jobs, poor residence and other ty pes of inequalities. Kracha, like most of the immigrants, moved to America by boat in 1881 for financial growth, because of the opportunities in his old country, Hungary, were too scarce for him to climb the financial ladder. He had a wife back at home, who at the time was pregnant. During this time, America opened its borders to a wave of immigrants, who were mainly inexperienced laborers. As America was stepping into the age of industrialization, the demand for cheaper labor went up and therefore, to meet thisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Out Of This Furnace By Thomas Bell1707 Words   |  7 PagesDobie In Out of This Furnace, author Thomas Bell portrays the historic stories of Slovakian immigrants who migrate to the United States with the dream of becoming a millionaire or trying to escape the oppression in their old country (Bell, 1). The novel illustrates the struggles of three generation of Slovakian immigrants in America enduring poverty, discrimination, exploitation by employers, as well as the development of labor unions. As the story progresses, the novel provides a glimpse of diverseRead MoreWhen A Person Lives In A Certain Society For A Long Period,1324 Words   |  6 Pages the new rising economy, etc. There are many things that can cause significant change in someone’s life especially back in the 1900’s whether it be work related, maybe even related to family or their past. A character from the novel Out of This Furnace by Thomas Bell, Mike Dobrejcak, has been through many situations that have changed him as a person, such as his work, marriage, or even wh en he immigrated to the United States. So many things changed in his life, and because of these changes it helpedRead MoreImmigrant Life in the 19th and 20th Centuries Essay example1561 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican was a prosperous country with incredible economic growth between the end of Reconstruction and the Great Depression. It was during this time that industrial expansion went into high gear because increasing manufacturing efficiencies enabled American firms to cut prices and yet earn profits for financing still better equipment (Henretta 488). During this era, the manufacturing of steel, the construction of railroads, factories, and warehouses, and the growing demand for technological advancementsRead MoreOut of This Furnace Essay1088 Words   |  5 PagesThe book Out of This Furnace is a work of historical fiction written by Thomas Bell, in which the lives of four different individuals are told and woven together, and consequentially describe the changes taking place in different generations of immigrant workers in America. Beginning with Kracha, then leading to Mike, then Mary, and finally Dobie, this book does an excellent job of showing how the American immigrants life changed mid 1800s to the 1920s. As seen in each generation, immigrants becameRead MoreSocial Adversity In Out Of This Furnace1209 Words   |  5 Pagesissues with social inclusivity following oppression of immigrants, limited opportunities for minority groupings, racism, discrimination, among other things. In his novel, Out of This Furnace, Thomas Bell echoes the experiences of the Kracha family, where he chronicles the various life experiences from one generation to the next. Bell centers on the life of steel workers and their experiences in America. Despite anticipation for a better life, immigrants find life in America hard and are forced to toilRead MoreChildren s Books : An Essential Part Of A Child s Life1105 Words   |  5 Pages Children’s books are an essenti al part of a child’s life because they enhance the development of language and critical thinking skills. This provides a solid foundation of learning for adolescents that will stick with them forever. Books have the power to alter a child’s life and influence their thoughts and decisions as they grow. It affects a child’s perspective on society and how they fit into it (Hunt, 1998). Literature has significantly changed over time because it tends to reflect theRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution that Changed the Face of the World1374 Words   |  6 Pageseducation and the only source of income for a family to survive is through subsistence farming. Consider life without electricity and the only source of transportation was on foot or horseback riding, if you were fortune enough to afford a horse. During this time communication was also limited and extremely difficult. Life began to change as the Industrial Revolution impacted lives from Great Britain to the U nited States by introducing new technologies such as the telephone, coal mining and the steamboatRead MoreThe Sinking of the Titanic1110 Words   |  4 Pagesago from April 2014, the greatest ship ever built in its time sank. This ship was the â€Å"unsinkable† Titanic. The Titanic was built of the best materials during its construction. Being immensely massive and deemed unsinkable, many believed it was nothing but smooth sailing, but many were wrong. The Titanic was a place of romance, mystery, and tragedy. The maiden voyage seemed to be running smoothly, although it turned out to be the last the Titanic would ever take. On that fateful night ofRead MoreHow the Industrial Revolution Affects Us Today5039 Words   |  21 Pagesgrowth†¦Nothing remotely like this economic behavior has happened before† (Robert E. Lucas, 1997). Steam power, machine-based manufacturing, water power, improved communication, and railroads were just the tip of the iceberg as far as technological innovations went. The effects spread throughout Western Europe and North America during the 19th century, eventually affecting most of the world. The impact of this change on society was enormous. The changes, both positive and negative, of this industrializationRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Essay2378 Words   |  10 Pagesthe seed to germinate by planting it below the surface of the ground out of reach of the birds and wind. Turnip Townshend was famous for his cultivation of turnips and clover on his estate of Raynham in Norfolk. He introduced the four-course rotation of crops: wheat, turnips, oats or barley, clover Robert Bakewell (1725-1795) pioneered in the field of systematic stock breeding. Prior to this, sheep had been valued for wool and cattle for strength; Bakewell showed

Indi A Dangerous Place - 1831 Words

The value of a woman’s existence is the equivalent of a roach†¦ or so it seems. Ashok Prasad’s India: A Dangerous Place to Be a Woman 2013 documentary is led by a British-Indian journalist, Radha Bedi, who films her visit to India to shed light on the reality of life for Indian women. Radha has visited the country times before; but only as an outsider, so she walks oblivious to how the other side lives. Radha blindly journeys to India and pulls back the curtain to reveal the truth. She adopts a mournful tone in order to get her learning audience to sympathize. She is effective at establishing her purpose of informing the audience by using narrative to tug at the audience’s emotions, contrast the two societies, and exemplification incorporating sourced statistics. The documentary immediately seizes the audience’s attention by broadcasting a series of protests, voicing the pain of a brutal rape case that resulted in the death of a young woman. Clearly, the viewers can assume the news of this case was the tipping point of the tired citizens who longed for justice, and sparked a demand for reformed laws and a change of the culture’s mindset. Radha travels to Delhi to experience what it feels like to be a woman in India head on. She documents the newspapers overflown with sexual violence cases that vary in extremities; the newspapers alone present the severity of the rampant mistreatment flooding the streets and homes in India. She meets with an array of girls who have sufferedShow MoreRelatedIndi The Fourth Most Dangerous Place For Women2977 Words   |  12 PagesIn a survey conducted by The Thompson Reuters Foundation in 2011, India was ranked as the fourth most dangerous place for women. Crimes against women (CAW) are very commo n and sexual offences form a large proportion of such type of felonies. According to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data, ‘a total of 2,44,270 incidents of crime against women (both under IPC and SLL) were reported in the country during the year 2012 as compared to 2,28,650 in the year 2011 recording an increase of 6.4%Read MoreGlobalization s Impact On India1449 Words   |  6 PagesIndia have decided to pay their women employees a small amount of money for their salary. They have been placed in places that are super dangerous for them and their health because the company does not care what happens to you as long as you do your job. These types of companies only care about how much money you can make them, no matter where you work, how hard it is or how dangerous it can be. Plus, they most likely exploit their women workers, again because they are looking for money that theyRead MoreDon T Panic About Moral Panic2362 Words   |  10 Pages‘Mods’ and â €˜Rockers’) in the 1960s, Cohen used the term moral panic as a suitable metaphor for the distorted and exag-gerated media reports that generated extensive public outcry. The disturbances were relatively minor acts of hooliganism that took place over Easter weekend at a seaside town in 1964. By virtue of media engagement, this minor incident escalated into a full-blown ‘threat’ of youth crime. This had more to do with the â€Å"disintegration of the social order† than the actual crimes. CohenRead MoreA Call to Action: Regulate Use of Cell Phones on the Road1956 Words   |  8 PagesThe driver said in court that when he looked up from the cell phone he was dial- ing, he was three feet from the car and had no time to stop (Stockwell B8). Expert testimony, public opinion, and even cartoons suggest that driving while phoning is dangerous. Frances Bents, an expert on the relation between cell phones and accidents, estimates that between 450 and 1,000 crashes a year have some connection to cell phone use (Layton C9). In a survey published by Farmers In- surance Group, 87% of thoseRead MoreVictimization due to an Abusive Relationship2876 Words   |  12 Pagesestablish for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) which is an involuntary reaction mediated by the autonomic nervous system. DSM V defines PTSD as a disturbance, regardless of its trigger, causes clinically significant distress or impairment in the indi ¬vidual’s social interactions, capacity to work or other important areas of functioning. It is not the physi ¬ological result of another medical condition, medication, drugs or alcohol. (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) Hence the victim has beenRead MoreEarly Signs of Stalking9072 Words   |  37 Pagesfrom chapter 1 that the California statute defines stalking as follows: any person who willfully, maliciously, and repeatedly follows or harasses another person and who makes a credible threat with the intent to place that person in reasonable fear of death or great bod ¬ ily injury or to place that person in reasonable fear of death or great bodily injury of his or her immediate family is guilty of the crime of stalking (Cal. Penal Code sect646.9(a), 1993) Also recall that a behavioral construct usedRead MoreCaso Warner Lambert6498 Words   |  26 Pagessmoking had been researched and identified. Smoking was widely recog-nized as posing a serious health threat. While nicotine was the substance within the cigarette that caused addic-tion, it was the tar accompanying the nicotine that made smoking so dangerous. Specifically, smoking was a pri-mary risk factor for ischaemic heart disease, lung cancer, and chronic pulmonary diseases. Other potential dan-gers resulting from prolonged smoking included bron-chitis, emphysema, chronic sinusitis, peptic ulcerRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesAct (whether or not the plan is operating under a 22 waiver under section 1115 of such Act). rmajette on DSK29S0YB1PROD with BILLS 23 24 (19) MEDICAID ELIGIBLE INDIVIDUAL.—The term ‘‘Medicaid eligible individual’’ means an indi- †¢HR 3962 IH VerDate Nov 24 2008 12:56 Oct 30, 2009 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3962.IH H3962 13 1 vidual who is eligible for medical assistance under 2 Medicaid. 3 (20)Read MoreComparative Management6809 Words   |  28 Pagesanimals around us, and much more. 3) In recent years, scientists have been carefully examining the ways that people affect the environment. They have found that we are causing air pollution, deforestation, acid rain, and other problems that are dangerous both to the earth and to ourselves. These days, when you hear people talk about â€Å"the environment†, they are often referring to the overall condition of our planet, or how healthy it is. 4) Explain direct- action and indirect action elementsRead MoreMr Benett and the Failures of Fatherhood8365 Words   |  34 Pagesto be listed here. The defenses which have helped my thinking known are those of David Daiches, and the Aristocratic The Karl Marx, Dance, Jane Austen, An Aspect of American Scholar, D. W. Harding, Hatred: 17 (1948), 284-96; Regulated and Donald indis 8 (1940), of Jane Austen, the Work 340-62; J. Greenes Scrutiny, recent de More 68 (1955), and the Peerage, PMLA, 1017-31. Jane Austen pensible Kettle can finally defend social views tend to be qualified. Arnold fenses of Jane Austens in over the

Definition of Child Development Free Essays

A definition of child development Child development is another way of saying how children develop through different stages or how children grow and learn. It also refers to the biological and psychological changes that occur in human beings between start and the end of adolescence. The developmental areas are physical, emotional, social, educational and cognitive. We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of Child Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now The ideal development of children is considered vital to society and it is important to understand these areas. These areas are connected to one another. As a child grows in one domain, this will effect and is then influenced by another domain of development. These domains are important in development because they focus on the whole child. New theories and methods have been found due to research in this area, with specific regard to teaching that promotes development in the schools. Also there are some theories that aim to describe a sequence of different states that make child development. Explanation and example of holistic development Holistic development is an individual’s development in the following areas; intellectual, emotional, social, physical, artistic, creative and religious values and feelings. It is the development of the entire brain’s thoughts and feelings. To become a tennis player you need to develop Physical – motor skills, general co-ordination, moving around the tennis court, hand eye co-ordination, hitting the tennis ball with the tennis racket Cognitive/intellectual – thinking the game, having a game plan, Emotion – self-esteem and self – expression some tennis players are quite where some are loud, handling negative moments when losing a match Communication – explaining how you’re playing, reasons for doing good and not so well, Behavioural and moral skills – taking turns in training, co-operating with others, social skills, having fun while playing, team work when playing doubles. General pattern The pattern of development Children’s development follows a pattern: From head to toe Development progresses downwards. Physical control and co-ordination begins with a child’s head and develops down the body through the arms, hands and back, and finally to the legs and feet From inner to outer Development progresses from actions nearer the body to more complex ones further from the body. For example, children can co-ordinate their arms, using gross motor skills to reach for an object, before they have learned the fine motor skills necessary to use their fingers to pick it up. During puberty there is another growth spurt; this time the growth starts at the outside of the body and works inwards. Hands and feet expand first; the shin bones lengthen before the thigh, and the forearm before the upper arm; finally, the spine grows). From simple to complex Development progresses from simple actions to more complex ones. For example, children stand before they can walk, and walk before they can skip or hop. From general to specific Development progresses from general responses to specific ones. For example, a young baby shows pleasure by a massive general response – the eyes widen, and the legs and arms move vigorously While an older child shows pleasure by smiling or using appropriate words or gestures. The several aspects of development are intricately linked: each affects and is affected by the others. For example, once children have reached the stage of emotional development at which they feel secure when apart from their main carer, they will have access to a much wider range of relationships, experiences and opportunities for learning. Similarly, when children can use language effectively, they will have more opportunities for social contact. If one aspect is vulnerable or neglected in some way, children will be challenged in reaching their full potential. Areas of development page 2 The areas of development described in this book are these: Physical development Physical development is the way in which the body increases in skill and becomes more complex in its performance. There are two main areas: Gross motor skills: These use the large muscles in the body, and include walking, running, climbing and the like. Fine motor skills: These include gross skills and fine skills. †¢ Gross manipulative skills involve single limb movements, usually of the arm, for example throwing, catching and making sweeping arm movements. †¢ Fine manipulative skills involve precise use of the hands and fingers, for example pointing, drawing, using a knife and fork or chopsticks, writing or doing up shoelaces. Sensory development Physical development also includes sensory development. Sensation is the process by which we receive information through the senses: vision hearing smell ouch taste proprioception. Proprioception is the sense that tells people where the mobile parts of their body, such as the arms and legs, are in relation to the rest of the body. Cognitive and language development Cognitive or intellectual development is development of the mind – the part of the brain that is used for recognising, reasoning, knowing and understanding. Perception involves people making sense of what they see, hear, touch, smell and taste. Perception is affected by previous experience and knowledge, and by the person’s emotional state at the time. Language development Language development is the development of communication skills. These include skills in: receptive speech – what a person understands expressive speech – the words the person produces articulation – the person’s actual pronunciation of words. Emotional and social development Emotional development Emotional development involves the development of feelings: the growth of feelings about, and awareness of, oneself the development of feelings towards other people the development of self-esteem and a self-concept. Social development Social development includes the growth of the child’s relationships with other people. Socialisation is the process of learning the skills and attitudes that enable the child to live easily with other members of the community. Moral and spiritual development Moral and spiritual development consists of a developing awareness of how to relate to others ethically, morally and humanely. It involves understanding values such as honesty and respect, and acquiring concepts such as right and wrong and responsibility for the consequences of one’s actions. How to cite Definition of Child Development, Papers

Canadian Mining Industry-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Examine the reports on Canadian Mining Industry from the lenses of A) Marxist Criminology B) Feminist Criminology C) Intersectional Criminology. Answer: Introduction Canada is considered as one of the top mining countries but the operations of majority of the mining corporations have been associated with social conflicts and violations of human rights including sexual violence against women. The mining corporations majority of which has their headquarters located in Canada have also been involved in issues pertaining to their operations that are resulting in environmental degradations. Thesis statement This paper aims at analyzing the social conflicts and criminal allegations associated with the Mining industries through the lenses of Marxist criminology theory, feminist theory and intersectional criminology theories based on the CEDAW report and the Canada Brand that highlights the human rights violations and sexual violence against women committed by Canadian Mining industries. CEDAW (2016) Report to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against?Women The report submitted to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women alleges that Canada has been favoring and providing financial assistance to Mining companies operating overseas are engaged in discriminatory practices against women, subjecting them to heinous crimes like rape and violence. A recent case at Papua new Guineas Porgera gold mine that has been operating for years by the Canadian miner Barrick gold, local women have lodged complaints against the mine security personnel who have been involved in committing sexual violence and brutal gang rape against the women working the mine. The Canada Brand report: Violence and Canadian Mining Companies in Latin America. Toronto: Osgood Hall Law School Imai, states that this report talks about the violence and criminalization that is associated with the Canadian mining industry in Latin America. It lists the incidents that have been attributed by the Canadian mining companies. The operations of almost more than thousand Canadian mining companies have been associated with social conflicts and violation of human rights as well as by negative environmental consequences. The involvement of the Canadian corporations in committing serious violence or abuse against women is not an isolated allegation as there are systematic and persistent reports against the Canadian extractive sector that are operating overseas to be involved in serious violations of human rights. While some of the women victims have been entitled to remedies, others are pursuing legal remedies. Women who are unable to seek legal remedies due to their financial restraints or fear of social stigma, have no other option but to live with the injustice caused to them. Analysis Although the theories on criminology include elements of social conflict, the theories do not emphasize on a major restructuring of the society. The theories perceive criminal behavior, the law and the penalties imposed for violating the law to be the outcomes of deep inequalities of resources and power that prevails in the society (Cowling 77). According to Brock, the Marxist criminology theory is based on the concept of class struggle (Cowling 94). The bourgeoisie or the oppressor who aim to keep the labor costs low and the proletariats or the oppressed who strived to keep the labor costs as high as possible. He believed that in capitalist society, the individuals are affected by egoism where poor people committed crime due to economic necessity and the rich commits crime for their greed (Spitzer 17). Marxist criminology theory asserts that in the advanced countries of capitalism, the changing pattern of production and tendency to make super-profits has led to the incline in employment of women who are subjected to the worst form of exploitation. Matthews, Rick and William states that as per the modern Marxist criminology, class struggle is perceived as the main source of all crimes which includes violations of human rights, sexism, racism and capitalism. Capitalism generates egoism and ignores humanity as it relies on competition for valuable resources, setting persons against persons or groups against groups only to make profits accomplish their objectives. In regards to the crimes committed by the mining industry for the accomplishment of the profit making objectives of the company, a recent case study may be taken into account. This is evident from the Canada Brand report where cases related to Escobal mine were reported. The establishment of the mine was protested by the residents as the mine would have a adverse effect on the water supply of the region, thus, affecting the farmers communities within the region. Here, this cases study demonstrates the Marxist criminology theory of class oppressions between the bourgeoisie (mining industry) and proletariats (farmer community) in Guatemala where the charges brought against the mining industry were discharged due to lack of evidence or false evidences statements. According to Morash, in regards to violence committed against women as observed in CEDAW report, Hudbays Fenux mine demonstrates an example of class inequality between the rich and the poor. In Guatemala, 11 women were sexually exploited and homes were burned down resulting in deaths and several injuries caused to the residents who protested against eviction of indigenous communities for the establishment of the Hudbay mine. This incident depicts the Marxist criminology theory of class inequality that leads to commission of crimes for earning profits. According to Morash, the radical feminism theory emphasizes that the origin of patriarchy and the subordination of women rest in male aggression who exercises control over the sexuality of women. The aggressiveness in men is inherent and women are dependent on men, which makes it easy for men to control and dominate women (Chesney-Lind 648). The sexual exploitation of women in Fenix, Guatemala is evident of the fact that gender oppression is an obvious feature of capitalist societies where the dependency of females on men and their disadvantages with respect to the size makes the women subjected to dominance and control (Chesney-Lind 646). The structure of both relations of production and domination are patriarchic. Most of the women working in the mine or those who protested against the establishment of mines became easily subjected to the powerful and more aggressive men, given that they lacked power and belonged to the oppressed class. The women, mostly belonging to the indigenous group were subjected to exploitation due to their incompetency to fight back while they are exploited. According to the Potter, the intersectional criminology theory includes several aspects of humanity such as race, class, sexual orientation, gender and disability, which are said to be interconnected as their relationship, is crucial to understand the human condition. This theoretical framework can be used to understand the social inequality and injustice existing in the system in several ways (Potter 306). Imai states that racism, classism, sexism do not act separately instead they are interwoven and form several forms of oppression, thus, developing a system of oppression that itself demonstrates combination of several forms of discrimination. Similarly, in case of the criminalization with which Canadian mining industry is associated with, it reflects the injustice and social inequality in the system is the result of classism, sexism and racism. This is evident from the fact when the establishment of the mining industries in Guatemala and the Escobar mine were into process, it not only resulted in violent eviction of the indigenous communities which signifies oppression of racism. The establishment of Escobar mine also had an adverse impact on the environment and the charges made by the farmers and the local residents were either dismissed due to lack of evidence or covered with false statements made advanced by the mining leaders. This represented classism where the leaders subjected the workers or the poor class to oppression and exploitation (Potter 310). Thus, based on the theories, it can be inferred that the transformation of capitalist society into a socialist community shall reduce the incline in the crime rate. The exhibition of respect towards human rights can only prevent further exploitation of humans and the environment as well. Reference list Boyce, Jillian. "Victimization of Aboriginal people in Canada, 2014."Juristat: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics(2016): 1. Brock, Deborah, Amanda Glasbeek, and Carmela Murdocca.Criminalization, Representation, Regulation: Thinking Differently about Crime. University of Toronto Press, 2014. CEDAW (2016) Report to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against ?Women. (2018). 65th ed. [ebook] Canada. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2886584 [Accessed 15 Feb. 2018]. Chesney-Lind, Meda. "Girls' crime and woman's place: Toward a feminist model of female delinquency."Crime Delinquency35.1 (1989): 5-29. Cowling, Mark. "Radical US Criminology." Marxism and Criminological Theory. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2008. 72-104. Imai, Shin. "The'Canada Brand': Violence and Canadian Mining Companies in Latin America." (2016). Matthews, Rick A., and William J. Chambliss. "Marxist criminology."Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Springer New York, 2014. 2989-2998. Miningwatch.ca. (2018). Report to UN Committee: Canada Complicit in Mining Companies Pervasive Abuses Against Women | MiningWatch Canada. [online] Available at: https://miningwatch.ca/news/2016/10/4/report-un-committee-canada-complicit-mining-companies-pervasive-abuses-against-women [Accessed 15 Feb. 2018]. Morash, Merry.Feminist theories of crime. Routledge, 2017. Potter, Hillary. "Intersectional criminology: Interrogating identity and power in criminological research and theory."Critical Criminology21.3 (2013): 305-318. Spitzer, Steven. "Toward a Marxian theory of deviance." Social problems 22.5 (1975): 638-651. Whyte, David, ed.Crimes of the powerful: A reader. Open University Press, 2009.

English Language and Linguistics

Question: Research Essay: Societal Bilingualism. Answer: Micro and Macro Context Bilingual study is a debatable topic in Australia, which proves that the bilingual study should be cultivated among the young people of Australia, which will cater to the social, economic and cultural needs of the people (Schwartz Verschik, 2013). Along with the immigration of the people in the country the population of the country increased, and thus it affected the school system to a great extend (Sullivan, Jorgensen, Boaler Lerman, 2013). The Australia government supported the policy of teaching English as a Second Language (ESL) to the schools, especially for those students for whom the English language is not the first language, because they belong from such a home English is not the language of the native speakers. The particular policy helped in promoting the notion of tolerance towards every ethnicity, religion and for the people of every language (Dooley May, 2013). Bilingual Education (BE) is about teaching all the subjects like mathematics and social studies in two different languages, and it does not provide emphasis only on teaching the language itself. Bilingual studies, to be more precise, are a way of providing instruction to the students in two different languages (OConnor, OConnor, Kvalsvig Goldfeld, 2014). Immersion technique is a way of teaching bilingual education to the students, where the students are immersed in one particular way, where the instruction that is being provided to the students is done with the help of one particular instructional language. The particular method helps the students in developing a good proficiency in both the languages and these are the native as well as in the second language (Bianco, 2015). The other kind of bilingual education is the two-way immersion program that helps in constructing a bilingual program. The particular method has wide acceptance in many countries, such as in the countries like United States. The reason behind this wide acceptance is the fact that it integrates people having English as their native language and those who do not use English as their native language. In this particular way of teaching or approach, the two kinds of languages are used to provide instruction to the people there in the classroom (Menken Solorza, 2014). The people with the Arabic language as their native language could not gain much proficiency in the English language as compared to people of other bilingual group. The people who have Arabic as their native language have good proficiency in Arabic but not much of proficiency in the English language. The Arabic people treat English language is a language that is of not much importance and thus, the respect they have towards the English language is not very good (Garrity, Aquino-Sterling, Van Liew Day, 2016). Today both the government and the people living in Australia, supports the bilingual way of instruction and the support that was there for the monolingual way of providing instruction to the people has moved away. The Two Way of Bilingual Education has turned out to be effective for the students because in this way of education the people of both the category is immersed in one place and the instruction is being provided in two different languages. A Description and Justification of the Bilingual Program The two-way bilingual education program is one of the most important programs that are being adopted by the schools and the schools have adopted this particular program with a particular goal. The goal that is being adopted ensures that the students who are there in the program should develop high level of bilingualism. The development of the high level of bilingualism would ensure that there would be a high level of cross-culture awareness. Along with it, there will be high level of bilingualism and bi-literacy, and along with it, there would be high level of academic achievement from the part of the student, who participate in the bilingual program. The bilingual program, or rather the two-way immersion bilingual program is favorable not only for those who are belonging to the majority group but at the same time it is favorable for those who are belonging to the minority group. There are other methods as well that can be in corporate in the bilingual method of education, but most of the times the schools do not prefer to incorporate these ways because the ways have certain drawbacks attached to it, which is why it is compared as an inferior method of providing education to the students. The other different kind of approaches that are included in it, are the ESL approach, the pullout, and the transitional and the maintenance approach. The others approaches are not preferred by the schools and one of the main reasons behind are the fact that these approaches are not only subtractive but at the same time, the approach is assimilative in nature at the same time. The process are termed as assimilative and at the same time they are termed as subtractive because, the processes are responsible for the declination of the proficiency that the students have in their native language (Anghel, Cabrales, Carro 2015). The Pullout ESL program is such a program where the students have to leave their classrooms or it can be said that the students have to leave their classroom, and they have to enter such an ESL classroom, where there are instructions, that are being provided to them, to develop their proficiency. The submersion program has the usage of English language 100% of the time and on the contrary, the maintenance program helps the minority students in developing the native or the home language of the minority students. The transitional approach on the other hand, uses the dominant language of the schools as well as of the society, to act as a bridge between providing instruction exclusively to the students. Therefore, due to all these reasons, it is important to such a program that provides emphasis to the English as well as the native language and thus the two-way immersive program has been chosen. The particular ABC program that is being used to impart the English language to the Arabic students living in Australia is mainly a program that is content based. According to this particular program, the language is not something that is being learned at the first place and then the people are using it. Language is more than that, language is learnt actually when the people use it in their daily life, that is the main essence of the language. Many scholars and critics have seen language as a tool that the children may use to understand both the society and its member (Marschark, Tang Knoors, 2014). The traditional method of language learning, as it is practiced in different schools of Saudi Arabia, language is being compartmentalize only as another separate language, not as something that is the part of the cognitive, social and the academic development. The traditional method neither uses the interaction, not it uses the methods that are required for learning the subject. The cont ent based instruction program, helps student in mapping thoughts and the meanings of that new language that the student is learning. Moreover, the language communication, in the academic context helps in building that context that would help in learning new language. Thus, this type of program helps in integrating language for better learning and skills and at the same time it help in gaining those skills that have effects for long-term. In case of Content Language Integrated Learning program, the foreign language is being used as the mode or the medium of instruction for teaching the different subjects to the pupil. The particular way or the particular program actually comes with two main aim or goal and the two main aim or goal are the, content learning, and the simultaneous learning of the language that is foreign to many people. There are 4Cs in the Content Language Integrated Learning or in the CLIL program, and these 4Cs are, the Content or the Subject Matter, the Cognition or the thinking, Culture or the global citizen relationship and most importantly the Communication or the language. The participant and the external agent of this particular program, which comprises of the teachers, student, and at the same time the researchers, helps in exploring the interrelationship that is there in the framework of the 4Cs. The most important part of the CLIL program is that it does not consider the learning of the forei gn language as something that is the part of learning, just any other language (Umana, 2014). It does not treat the foreign language as something, which is very different, from the other subjects that are there. Therefore, the language lies there in a different compartment. Many scholars consider this kind of learning as an economical learning because in this particular type of learning two things are taught in one slot or class, to be precise. The CLIL learning or program is considered as an important program and one of the most popular program because it is something that is being used in the state such as Saudi Arabia and United States. Therefore, the particular form of learning has gained international status, and thus it is popular and widely accepted form of learning. In case of using the immersion education program as a mode of providing bilingual education to the people it is important to keep certain things in mind. The first thing that should be kept in the mind is that in the initial years the students or the pupils should be encouraged to learn the native language, which is also being termed as L1 and as the student gain proficiency he/she should be encouraged to learn the foreign language, or the L2. The bilingual learning programs are those programs that help in motivating and encouraging the students if a measured program or approach is followed in this particular case then the amount of motivation would be huge. The measured approach includes two different models that are widely accepted and this includes the 90/10 model and the 50/50 model. In case of using 90/10 model one makes sure that, the native language is used at greater amount as a medium of instruction. For instance, if a program is using the 90/10 model then the instruction that is being provided to the students 90% of the time is the Arabic language. The parent support that is there for the bilingual program is not so much and there are reasons behind not having this particular support. The reason is that the people are not much aware of this program; moreover, there is also a lack of information, regarding the bilingual programs. A Description and Justification of the Bilingual Program Bilingual assessment, like other assessment, is a way of testing the skills that is being possessed by a person. The bilingual assessments are such kind of assessments that helps in measuring the language skills that is being possessed by a certain person. The measuring of the language skills include, the skill of reading, writing, speaking and listening. Apart from the particular skills there are several other kinds of skills as well, that is being measured, at the same time and it includes things like phonology, syntax and lexicon. If this particular style of assessment is being viewed as a process then the bilingual education could be used to serve the formative purpose at the same time. If not, then this particular way of education could yield such results that would help in providing results that are summative inn nature. In case of formative process, the testing instruments are viewed either as a process or as a product. In case of any bilingual assessment, it is important to a void relying on one single instrument. The assessment could have number of items in it and all these could have an impact on the reliability of the assessment. The language proficiency tests those are brief in nature could have standard errors in large numbers. The assessments that are being carried out contain standard referencing, and at the same time it makes a comparison with the Limited English Proficiency or the LEP students with those who are the native speaks. The two groups who are compared belong to the same age as well as in the same grade. The assessment that is being carried out contains the diagnostic capabilities and at the same time, it helps in finding the weaknesses that are there in the students (Cambridge University Press. 2016). The type of assessment that would be chose should be holistic in nature and the holistic nature of the assessment skills should give importance to reading, vocabulary, writing and listening qualities. The teacher could test the speaking quality of the students through oral methods and through these assessments; the teachers come to know about the progress of the students. The progress that the students have reflect on the fact that whether the plan or the assessment process that is being adopted by the teachers are correct or whether it need any changes; and if there is any changes then where the changes should be applied. The International English Language Testing System or the IELTS program is one of the most important programs that are being conducted in Australia to test the English proficiency of the people in Australia (Gribble, Blackmore Morrissey, 2016). The particular test is the most important and the high stake test for the pupil and at the same time it is a test that is being taken not only by the students but also at the same time it is being taken by the migrants who are there in country and by the workers in the country (Rachman, 2016). In IELTS learning assessment there are two types of formats and the particular learning assessment or test actually emphasis on four things. The four things are, listening, reading, speaking and writing (Ghaemi Khodabakhshzadeh, 2012). The test time that is being provided to the students is around 2 hours and 45 minutes and within this particular period the students have to complete their tests. The listening and the speaking tests are same for all those who are opting for this particular examination but the writing and the reading test changes, with the change of the student (Weir, Hawkey, Green, Unaldy Devi, 2012). The IELTS has 9 score band and it could be defined in the following way: Score Skill Level Description 9 The level of the expert user The person has the full command over the language. The person could appropriately use the language with accuracy and fluency. 8 The level of very good user The person has command over the language although there are certain inaccuracies and inappropriateness. They although handle complex situation properly but at times they could not understand things. 7 The level of Good User The person has command over the language although there are occasional inaccuracy and inappropriateness. 6 Compliment User They have the command, although inaccuracies are there. They can even understand complex language in a situation, which is not very familiar. 5 The level of Modest User They have partial command over the language and at the same time, they tend to make many mistakes as well. 4 The level of the limited user The person face competency in limited situation and at the same time they could not use complex language. At the same time, they have problem in understanding the language. 3 The level of extremely limited user The person understands the general meaning and even that in a familiar situation. The communication is often broken down. 2 The level of the Intermittent User The person has not only great difficulty in speaking but at the same time that is there in writing as well. 1 Level of Non User The person could not use the language but could use only few isolated words. References Anghel, B., Cabrales, A., Carro, J. M. (2015). Evaluating a bilingual education program in Spain: the impact beyond foreign language learning.Economic Inquiry. Bianco, J. L. (2015). Multilingual Education across Oceania.The Handbook of Bilingual and Multilingual Education, 604-617. Cambridge University Press. (2016).Cambridge IELTS 11 Academic Student's Book with Answers. Cambridge University Press. Dooley, K., May, L. (2013). Bilingualism, literacy and NAPLAN: Ongoing challenges for EAL/D education.TESOL in Context,23(1/2), 2. Garrity, S., Aquino-Sterling, C. R., Van Liew, C., Day, A. (2016). Beliefs about bilingualism, bilingual education, and dual language development of early childhood preservice teachers raised in a Prop 227 environment.International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 1-18. Ghaemi, H., Khodabakhshzadeh, H. (2012). IELTS Speaking Instruction through Audio/Voice Conferencing.Language Testing in Asia,2(1), 1-11. Gribble, C., Blackmore, J., Morrissey, A. M. (2016). Investigating the use of IELTS in determining employment, migration and professional registration outcomes in healthcare and early childcare education in Australia. Marschark, M., Tang, G., Knoors, H. (Eds.). (2014).Bilingualism and bilingual deaf education. Oxford University Press. Menken, K., Solorza, C. (2014). No child left bilingual accountability and the elimination of bilingual education programs in New York City schools.Educational Policy,28(1), 96-125. OConnor, M., OConnor, E., Kvalsvig, A., Goldfeld, S. (2014). The relationship between early childhood education and care and English proficiency at school entry for bilingual children in Australia.NZ Research in Early Childhood Education Journal,17, 161-181. Rachman, S. A. (2016). THE ANALYSIS OF TURN SIGNALS IN IELTS SPEAKING PRACTICE (A STUDY OF IELTS EXAMINER AND CANDIDATES IN ELC MAKASSAR).Jurnal Publikasi Pendidikan (Publikan),6(1). Schwartz, M., Verschik, A. (Eds.). (2013).Successful family language policy: Parents, children and educators in interaction(Vol. 7). Springer Science Business Media. Sullivan, P., Jorgensen, R., Boaler, J., Lerman, S. (2013). Transposing reform pedagogy into new contexts: complex instruction in remote Australia.Mathematics Education Research Journal,25(1), 173-184. Umana, M. S. (2014).Effect of the number of years of Bilingual Education on Academic Success after Elementary School(Doctoral dissertation, WALDEN UNIVERSITY). Weir, C. J., Hawkey, R., Green, A., Unaldy, A., Devi, S. (2012). The relationship between the academic reading construct as measured by IELTS and the reading experiences of students in their first year of study at a British university.Studies in Language Testing.